The Biological Diversity Act was formed in:

Correct option is D

The correct answer is (d) 2002
The Biological Diversity Act was enacted in 2002 by the Government of India to conserve biological diversity, promote sustainable use of its components, and ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of biological resources and knowledge. This law aligns with the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), to which India is a signatory.

Key Features of the Biological Diversity Act:

1. National Biodiversity Authority (NBA): The Act establishes the NBA to implement the Act and conserve biodiversity at the national level.

2. State Biodiversity Boards: Each state must establish a State Biodiversity Board to oversee biodiversity conservation within the state.

3. Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs): Established at local levels (village and municipal) to prepare People's Biodiversity Registers and promote biodiversity conservation.

4. Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS): Regulates access to biological resources and traditional knowledge by foreign entities. Ensures that local communities receive benefits from the use of these resources.

5. Conservation of Biological Resources: Focuses on the protection of endangered species, ecosystems, and the management of protected areas.

Objective:

The primary aim of the Biological Diversity Act is to ensure that biodiversity is conserved, its benefits are shared equitably, and it is used sustainably to meet the needs of current and future generations.

Additional Information:

National Green Tribunal (NGT):

• Established in 2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010.
• Specialized judicial body for handling cases related to environmental protection and conservation.

Key Features of NGT:

• Quasi-judicial Body: Can make binding decisions.
• Speedy Resolution: Resolves cases within six months.
• Jurisdiction: Covers laws like the Water Act, Air Act, and Environment Protection Act.
• Headquarters and Regional Benches: Headquartered in New Delhi, with regional benches across India.