The absolute grounds for refusal of registration are contained under which section of the Trade Marks Act, 1999?

Correct option is C

Section 9 of the Trade Marks Act, 1999 provides for absolute grounds for refusal of registration, such as:
· Marks that are devoid of distinctiveness
· Marks descriptive of the goods/services
· Marks customary in current language or trade
· Marks likely to deceive the public or cause confusion
Information Booster:
· Section 11 provides relative grounds (e.g., conflict with existing trademarks).
· Absolute grounds focus on the inherent nature of the mark.
· Protects public interest by preventing monopoly over generic or non-distinctive terms.