Correct option is B
This passage explains the progression from painful surgeries to the discovery of chloroform by James Simpson.
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B (Long ago... pain as he felt the surgeon cut into his flesh): Introduces the historical context, describing the excruciating pain during early surgeries.
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A (But now... without inflicting pain): Presents the contrast of how modern surgeries have alleviated pain.
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D (This has been possible because of James Simpson... power of chloroform): Explains how the change was made possible by Simpson’s discovery.
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C (James assisted... unbearable pain of patients): Adds background about James Simpson’s early experiences that inspired his discovery.
Correct sequence: BADC