Select the most appropriate option to substitute the highlighted segment in the given sentence.
Athens was suffering under the rule of a powerful small group that had no concern for the people's welfare.

Correct option is B

The correct substitution of the highlighted words is an oligarchy.
Explanation:
· The sentence describes a system of government where a small, powerful group holds authority without concern for the general public.
· The term "oligarchy" is used to describe such a form of government where power is in the hands of a small elite group.
· The correct article before "oligarchy" is "an" because "oligarchy" starts with a vowel sound.
Grammatical rule used:
· Definite Political Terms: When referring to specific political systems or types of governance, we use the correct term that matches the definition.
· Use of Articles: "An" is used before words beginning with vowel sounds.
Example: Many ancient civilizations were ruled by an oligarchy where a few wealthy individuals controlled the government.
Meanings of the given other options:
· Democracy: A system of government where people elect representatives. (हिंदी अर्थ: लोकतंत्र)
· Monarchy: A government ruled by a king or queen. (हिंदी अर्थ: राजशाही)
· Missionary: A person sent on a religious mission. (हिंदी अर्थ: धर्म प्रचारक)