Correct option is B
The correct substitution of the highlighted phrase is (b)
for hundreds of years.
Explanation:
“For + time period” is used to express duration. “Since” needs a specific point in time, not a period like "hundreds of years".
Grammatical Rule Used:
Use
“for” with a duration of time and
“since” with a starting point in time.
Example:
Incorrect: He has lived here
since five years.
Correct: He has lived here
for five years.
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Information Booster:
Common error: mixing up “for” and “since” – remember:
for = duration,
since = starting point.