Select the correct indirect form of the given sentence.
He said, "Ratna has given me a present."

Correct option is C

Direct speech: The exact words of the speaker are quoted, usually within inverted commas (e.g., She said, "I am tired.").
Indirect speech: The speaker’s words are reported without quoting exactly, often with changes in pronouns, tense, and word order (e.g., She said that she was tired.).
The correct indirect speech is (c) He said that Ratna had given him a present.
Explanation:
· Direct speech: Present perfect tense → “has given”
· Reporting verb: said (past tense)
· So, present perfect changes to past perfect in indirect speech.
Grammatical Rule Used:
Present perfect (has/have + V3) → Past perfect (had + V3) in indirect speech when reporting verb is in past.
Correct structure:
He said, "Ratna has given me a present." → He said that Ratna had given him a present.
Incorrect options:
· (a) “had gave” is grammatically wrong.
· (b) “has given” not changed.
· (d) “gave” is simple past – not the equivalent of present perfect.