A paragraph is given below, followed by five alternatives. Select the one that most accurately conveys the same idea and context as the original.

Recent studies reveal that exposure to microscopic air pollutants does not merely affect the lungs. These tiny particles penetrate the bloodstream, elevating the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

Correct option is D

The correct answer is (d).
Explanation:
The original sentence states:
“Recent studies reveal that exposure to microscopic air pollutants does not merely affect the lungs. These tiny particles penetrate the bloodstream, elevating the risk of heart attacks and strokes.”
This means:
· Microscopic air pollutants (fine particulate matter)
· Enter the bloodstream (not confined to lungs)
· Increase risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes
Option (d):
“Fine particulate pollutants enter the circulatory system and contribute significantly to cardiovascular complications, proving that air quality is directly linked to heart health.”
This option accurately restates all the main ideas:
· Mentions fine particulate pollutants (microscopic air pollutants)
· Notes entry into the circulatory system (penetrate the bloodstream)
· Describes cardiovascular complications (heart attacks and strokes)
· Establishes a direct link between air quality and heart health
Hence, it conveys the same idea and context.
Why others are incorrect:
· (a) Reverses the meaning — claims pollutants strengthen immunity and reduce disease → opposite of original.
· (b) Says particles stay in the respiratory tract with no long-term effects → contradicts “penetrate the bloodstream.”
· (c) Focuses on the nervous system rather than cardiovascular → irrelevant.
· (e) Restricts impact to outdoor workers only → incorrect generalization.
Answer: (d)