Correct option is C

Solution- Correct Answer: C. Lack of self-confidence
The passage clearly states that stammering is a habit disorder linked with a lack of self-confidence.
It is not described as a physical disorder or due to hindered growth or lack of understanding.
The fear and anxiety caused by over-cautious or fretful mothers leads to a lack of confidence in the child, which contributes to stammering.
This shows that psychological factors, mainly self-confidence, play a key role in stammering.
Information Booster-
Stammering often arises during the third and fourth stages of language development when children start forming complex sentences and recognising the written alphabet.
Over-protective or anxious parenting can increase fear and hesitation in speech, worsening stammering.
Therapeutic methods like hypnosis can help improve speech fluency by addressing psychological barriers.
Understanding normal language development stages helps parents avoid unnecessary anxiety over normal speech delays.
Additional Information-
Cause of Stammering:
It is primarily a habit disorder linked to a lack of self-confidence, not a physical ailment.
Stages of Language Development:
Understanding spoken language (around age 2).
Speaking simple words and phrases (around age 2).
Speaking complex sentences (around age 3).
Recognising the written alphabet (after age 3).
Normal Disturbance:
During the 3rd and 4th stages, the first two stages may get temporarily disturbed as the child’s brain incorporates new information.
This is a normal developmental phase and usually not a cause for worry.
Role of Parents:
Over-cautious and fretful mothers may unintentionally cause fear in the child.
This fear can manifest as stammering or speech hesitation.
Treatment:
Fluency in speech can be improved through techniques like hypnosis and speech therapy.
Addressing psychological factors is key to overcoming stammering.

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Correct option is A

Solution - The Correct Answer is A. Speaking
The passage explains that the first stage is learning to understand spoken language (listening).
The second stage is speaking, where the child begins to produce language verbally.
Writing and reading come later as more advanced stages of language development.
Information Booster-
Language development generally follows this order:
Listening and understanding (around age 2).
Speaking simple words and sentences (around age 2).
Speaking complex sentences (around age 3).
Recognizing written alphabets and beginning reading (after age 3).
Early speaking skills are essential for effective communication and further language development.
Additional Information-
1st Stage:
Understanding spoken language.
Develops around the age of 2 years.
2nd Stage:
Speaking simple words and sentences.
Develops around the age of 2 years.
3rd Stage:
Speaking complex sentences.
Develops around the age of 3 years.
4th Stage:
Recognising the written alphabet.
Develops after 3 years age of.
Importance of Speaking:
It is the first active use of language by the child.
Helps in effective communication and social interaction.


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Correct option is B

Solution- The Correct Answer is B. Over-cautious mothers
The passage clearly states that over-cautious mothers who fret too much cause the child to develop fear.
This fear later manifests as stammering in many cases.
Other family members like fathers or uncles are not mentioned as primary causes of this fear.
The role of over-anxiety from mothers is emphasized as a significant factor.

Information Booster-
Over-cautious behavior in parents, especially mothers, can unintentionally create anxiety in young children.
Children absorb the emotional environment, and excessive worry can lead to speech problems like stammering.
Encouraging a calm and supportive atmosphere helps children develop confidence and fluency in speech.
Recognizing normal language development stages can reduce unnecessary parental anxiety.

Additional Information-
Over-cautious mothers:
Tend to worry excessively about minor speech delays or mistakes.
Their anxiety is sensed by the child, causing increased fear.
Impact on Child:
Fear disrupts normal language development.
Leads to stammering or hesitation in speech.
Role of Other Family Members:
Fathers, uncles, or general parents are not specifically identified as causes of this fear.
Solution:
Parents should maintain a relaxed approach toward speech development.
Avoid pressuring the child during critical language learning stages.
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Correct option is A

Solution- The Correct Answer: a. Hypnosis
The passage clearly states that fluency in speech for patients suffering from stammering can be improved through hypnosis.
Hypnosis is a therapeutic technique that helps address psychological barriers such as fear and lack of self-confidence.
Slapping, punishment, or symbiosis are not effective or appropriate methods for treating stammering.
Information Booster-
Hypnosis can help patients relax and overcome subconscious fears, causing speech disruptions.
Speech therapy and psychological counselling are commonly combined with hypnosis for best results.
Negative reinforcement methods like punishment or physical discipline are harmful and can worsen stammering.
A supportive environment that builds confidence is essential for successful speech therapy.
Additional Information-
Hypnosis:
A therapeutic tool used to improve speech fluency by reducing anxiety and fear.
Ineffective Methods:
Slapping and punishment can increase stress and hinder speech development.
Symbiosis:
A biological term unrelated to speech therapy.
Best Practices:
Combining hypnosis with positive reinforcement and speech therapy yields effective results.
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Correct option is C

Solution- The Correct Answer is
C. Understand and speak simple language

>The passage states that the first stage is understanding spoken language and the second stage is speaking, both of which develop around the age of two.
> This means that by age 2, a child can both understand and speak simple language.
> Speaking complex sentences (A) develops around age 3.
> Only understanding language (B) is before age 2.
> Writing alphabets (D) comes much later after the recognition of letters.

Information Booster-
> Stage 1 & 2: By age 2, children achieve both understanding spoken language and speaking simple sentences.
> Stage 3 & 4: Speaking complex sentences (~3 years) and recognising written alphabets come later.
> Language development & stammering: Over-cautious parenting during later stages can disturb early language skills, sometimes leading to stammering.

Additional Information-
> Natural Language Development Pattern: Most children follow a predictable sequence—understanding language first, then speaking, later progressing to complex sentence formation and  letter recognition.
> Stammering Connection: Stammering often emerges when earlier skills get disrupted during new learning phases, especially if accompanied by anxiety or parental overreaction.
> Role of Environment: A supportive, low-pressure environment encourages smooth speech development, whereas fear and stress can hinder fluency.
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