Proteins that bind to DNA and influence the extent to which genes are expressed are called-

Correct option is A

Transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences and regulate the transcription of genes by controlling the rate at which genetic information is copied from DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA). They act as molecular switches that can turn genes on or off and control the level of gene expression.

Additional Knowledge:

● Replication (2): This is the process of copying DNA, not protein regulation of gene expression
● Translation (3): This is the process of protein synthesis from mRNA, not DNA binding regulation
● Genetic recombination (4): This is the exchange of genetic material between chromosomes, not gene expression regulation