On 23 April 2025, the Indian Government announced the suspension of which treaty/agreement with Pakistan citing national security concerns?

Correct option is A

The correct answer is (a) Indus Waters Treaty
Explanation:
· On 23 April 2025, following a major terrorist attack in Jammu and Kashmir (Pahalgam), the Government of India announced the suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) with Pakistan.
· India cited national security concerns and Pakistan's continued support for cross-border terrorism as the core reason, stating that "blood and water cannot flow together."
· The IWT, signed in 1960 and brokered by the World Bank, manages the sharing of the waters of the Indus River system. Its suspension marked a major escalation in bilateral tensions.
· The decision was taken as a non-military strategic measure to exert pressure on Pakistan and enforce India’s policy of zero tolerance toward terrorism.
Information Booster:
· The IWT is considered one of the world's most successful water-sharing agreements, having survived multiple wars and conflicts before this suspension.
· The treaty allocates the waters of the Eastern Rivers ( Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej) to India and the Western Rivers ( Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab) largely to Pakistan.
· The suspension means the treaty is held "in abeyance" until Pakistan credibly and irrevocably stops cross-border terrorism.
Additional Knowledge:
· Non-Nuclear Aggression Agreement (d): Signed in 1988, this requires both nations to refrain from attacking each other’s nuclear installations. This agreement was not suspended.
· Tashkent Declaration (b): Peace agreement after the 1965 war.
· Simla Agreement (c): Framework for bilateral conflict resolution after the 1971 war.