Name the condition in which bleeding usually originates in the subependymal germinal matrix region of the brain, with extension into the ventricular system.

Correct option is A

Ans. (a) (a) Periventricular haemorrhage.
Periventricular haemorrhage (PVH) is a condition where bleeding occurs primarily in the subependymal germinal matrix region of the brain, often in premature infants. This bleeding can extend into the ventricular system, causing significant brain injury. It is commonly seen in very low birth weight infants and those born prematurely. PVH can lead to severe neurological impairments, including cerebral palsy or developmental delays.
Explanation of each option:
· (a) Periventricular haemorrhage: This is the correct condition. It refers to bleeding in the area around the ventricles of the brain, typically in the subependymal germinal matrix, which is most vulnerable to hemorrhage in premature infants.
· (b) Retinopathy of prematurity: This condition involves abnormal growth of blood vessels in the retina of premature infants. It is unrelated to bleeding in the brain or the ventricular system.
· (c) Leukomalacia: This refers to a type of brain injury that occurs due to a lack of oxygen or blood flow, particularly in the white matter around the ventricles. It is often seen in premature infants but does not involve bleeding in the ventricular system.
· (d) Necrotizing enterocolitis: This is a gastrointestinal condition seen in premature infants, characterized by inflammation and infection in the intestines, but it does not involve bleeding in the brain.
Thus, the correct answer is Periventricular haemorrhage, as it directly involves bleeding in the subependymal germinal matrix with extension into the ventricles.