Mutations are errors in DNA that:

Correct option is C

Correct option: (c) Occur spontaneously at a low rate
Why option (c) is correct:
· Mutations are random changes in DNA sequence.
· They can occur:
· Spontaneously due to errors in DNA replication
· At a low natural frequency
· Most spontaneous mutations are:
· Neutral
· Sometimes beneficial
· Occasionally harmful
❌ Why other options are incorrect
· (a) Always harmful
· Incorrect: many mutations are neutral or beneficial.
· (b) Increase tumor growth
· Only specific mutations (oncogenic) do this, not all mutations.
· (d) Only occur on the X chromosome
· Mutations can occur on any chromosome.
�� Key Points
· Mutations are the raw material for evolution.
· Occur naturally at low rates.
· Can be spontaneous or induced.
· Not all mutations are harmful.