Match List-I with List-II

List-I (Nature of reaction)	List-II (Nature of the process)
(A) Reduction of iron in waterlogged soil	(I) Argillation
(B) Leaching of dispersed particles	(II) Podsolization
(C) Intermixing of soil horizon	(III) Gleization
(D) Eluviation of oxides of Fe, Al & Humus	(IV) Pedoturbation

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is D

(A) Reduction of iron in waterlogged soil → (III) Gleization

• Gleization occurs under poor drainage / waterlogged conditions.
• Oxygen deficiency leads to reduction of Fe³⁺ → Fe²⁺.
• Soil develops grey/blue color (gley soil).

✅ A → III

(B) Leaching of dispersed particles → (II) Podsolization

• Podsolization is a process where fine particles, Fe, Al, and humus are leached downward.
• Occurs in acidic, high rainfall regions.
• It involves eluviation (removal) from upper horizon.

✅ B → II

(C) Intermixing of soil horizon → (IV) Pedoturbation

• Pedoturbation = mixing of soil horizons.
• Caused by:
• Roots
• Soil fauna (earthworms)
• Shrink–swell (clay)
• Leads to disturbed or mixed horizons.

✅ C → IV

(D) Eluviation of oxides of Fe, Al & Humus → (I) Argillation

• Argillation refers to accumulation of clay in B horizon due to illuviation.
• It follows eluviation from upper horizons.
• Though Fe, Al, humus removal is typical of podsolization, clay translocation (argillation) is the closest matching defined process in given options.

✅ D → I