Match List I with List II:

List - I	List - II
A. Larvae burrow into the apple fruits and feed on the pulp	I. San Jose Scale​
B. Pink colour encrustation on apple fruits	II. Woolly apple aphid​
C. Ashy coat on apple stem with galled root	III. Apple stem borer
D. Circular bore hole on apple stem	IV. Codling moth​

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is A

• Explanation:
• A-IV: Codling moth
• Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) is the most serious pest of apple fruits.
• The larvae bore into developing apple fruits.
• They feed on the pulp and seeds inside the fruit.
• Infested fruits show entry holes with frass and internal tunneling.
• B-I: San Jose Scale
• San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) is a serious sucking pest of apple.
• It forms circular, gray to pinkish encrustations on fruits, twigs, and branches.
• On fruits, reddish or pink halos develop around feeding sites.
• Heavy infestation leads to encrusted appearance and fruit quality reduction.
• C-II: Woolly apple aphid
• Woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum) secretes white, cottony or ashy waxy material.
• It infests both aerial parts and roots.
• Root infestation leads to gall formation on roots.
• Above-ground colonies appear as white woolly masses on stems and shoots.
• D-III: Apple stem borer
• Apple stem borer larvae bore into trunk and stems.
• Circular bore holes are visible on stem surface.
• Frass may be seen extruding from holes.
• Severe infestation weakens branches and may cause dieback.
• Information Booster:
• Codling moth is an internal feeder and major quarantine pest in many countries.
• San Jose scale can survive winter in nymphal stage under bark.
• Woolly apple aphid has both aerial and root forms and may be attended by ants.
• Apple stem borer belongs to family Cerambycidae and damages woody tissues.
• Integrated management includes pruning, biological control, and insecticidal sprays.
• Explanation of Incorrect Options:
• Option B (A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II)
• Codling moth does not cause stem boring; it damages fruits.
• San Jose scale does not cause woolly galls on roots.
• Woolly apple aphid does not create circular bore holes.
• Option C (A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II)
• San Jose scale does not burrow into fruit pulp.
• Apple stem borer does not cause pink encrustation on fruits.
• Codling moth does not produce ashy coat with root galls.
• Option D (A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I)
• Woolly apple aphid does not burrow into fruits.
• Codling moth does not cause pink scale encrustations.
• San Jose scale does not produce circular bore holes in stems.