Match List I with List II:

List I (Theory about Origin of Tides)		List II (Scholar)
(A)	Dynamic theory	(I)	R. A. Harris
(B)	Stationary wave theory	(II)	Newton
(C)	Progressive wave theory	(III)	Laplace
(D)	Equilibrium theory	(IV)	William Whewell

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is B

• (A) Dynamic theory - (III) Laplace: Pierre-Simon Laplace significantly advanced tidal theory with his dynamic theory, which considers the Earth's rotation, the shape of ocean basins, and other factors influencing tidal waves.

• (B) Stationary wave theory - (I) R. A. Harris: Rollin Arthur Harris made important contributions to the stationary wave theory of tides, which explains tides as a form of wave resonance within ocean basins.

• (C) Progressive wave theory - (IV) William Whewell: William Whewell's work was crucial in developing the progressive wave theory, which views tides as waves that propagate across the oceans.

• (D) Equilibrium theory - (II) Newton: Isaac Newton's equilibrium theory provided the foundational understanding of tides based on the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun.

Therefore, the correct answer is (A - III, B - I, C - IV, D - II).

Information Booster:

Dynamic Theory (Laplace) –

• More realistic than Newton’s model.
• Explains why actual tides do not match predicted equilibrium tides.
• Accounts for Coriolis force and friction.

Stationary Wave Theory (R. A. Harris) –

• Introduces amphidromic points where tides cancel out.
• Helps in predicting high and low tide patterns.

Progressive Wave Theory (William Whewell) –

• Describes how tidal waves travel across the ocean.
• Helps explain differences in tidal amplitudes across regions.

Equilibrium Theory (Isaac Newton) –

• One of the earliest tidal theories.
• Explains spring and neap tides based on Moon-Sun alignment.
• Assumes a perfectly water-covered Earth, making it less realistic.

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