Match List - I with List - II:

Case	Issue/Concept/Principle
Linkletter v. Walker	Prospective overruling in the context of constitutional interpretation
Golak Nath v. State of Punjab	Prospective overruling in the context of criminal procedure
Jolly George Varghese v. Bank of Cochin	Importation of provision from ICCPR into Indian Constitutional law
People's Union for Civil Liberties v. Union of India	Right to register a "none of the above" vote

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is C

The correct answer is: (c) A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I

Explanation:

1. Linkletter v. Walker – Prospective overruling in criminal procedure

   • In Linkletter v. Walker (1965, US), the Supreme Court applied the principle of prospective overruling in criminal procedure, holding that new constitutional rules regarding evidence would not apply retroactively to cases already finalized.

2. Golak Nath v. State of Punjab – Prospective overruling in constitutional interpretation

   • In Golak Nath (1967), the Supreme Court of India held that Parliament cannot amend Fundamental Rights, introducing prospective overruling in the context of constitutional amendments.

3. Jolly George Varghese v. Bank of Cochin – Importation of ICCPR provisions

   • In this case, the Supreme Court recognized that international human rights instruments like ICCPR can influence Indian constitutional law, though they do not automatically become enforceable unless implemented by domestic law.

4. People's Union for Civil Liberties v. Union of India – Right to register “None of the Above” (NOTA)

   • The Supreme Court recognized in this landmark case the right of voters to register a “None of the Above” option in electronic voting machines, ensuring democratic choice even when voters reject all candidates.

Information Booster:

• Prospective overruling:

  • Courts can choose not to apply a new rule retroactively, thereby protecting decisions already finalized.

  • Helps balance fairness and legal certainty.

• International human rights instruments in India:

  • ICCPR and other treaties can guide interpretation of Fundamental Rights.

  • Indian courts may rely on them if domestic law is silent or ambiguous.

• NOTA option in India:

  • Introduced by the Supreme Court in 2013 under the Election Commission guidelines.

  • Empowers voters to reject all candidates without abstaining from voting.