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Match List I (Soil Characteristics) with List II (Soil Types): List I List II a. Toxicity of Al & Fe
Question

Match List I (Soil Characteristics) with List II (Soil Types):
List I
List II
a. Toxicity of Al & Fe
I. Sodic Soil
b. Amendments with gypsum
II. Saline Soil
c. ECe > 4 ds/m
III. Acid Soil
d. High Calcium Carbonate
IV. Calcareous Soil
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.

a-III, b-II, c-I, d-IV

B.

a-III, b-I, c-II, d-IV

C.

a-IV, b-I, c-II, d-III

D.

a-II, b-III, c-IV, d-I

Correct option is B


✅ Explanation of Matching:
Acid Soil (III): Commonly exhibits aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) toxicity, especially at low pH (<5.5). This is detrimental to root growth and nutrient uptake in plants.
Sodic Soil (I): Characterized by excess exchangeable sodium, which degrades soil structure. Gypsum (CaSO₄) is widely used as a soil amendment to displace sodium and improve soil permeability.
Saline Soil (II): Identified by electrical conductivity (ECe) greater than 4 dS/m, indicating a high concentration of soluble salts that can inhibit plant growth.
Calcareous Soil (IV): Contains high levels of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), making the soil alkaline and affecting the availability of nutrients like phosphorus, zinc, and iron.

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