​Match List – 1 with List – 2 and choose the right code:

List – I	List – II
1. Malooshahi	a. Folk songs based on Folk beliefs
2. Hudki Bol Gatha	b. Folk songs based on Veer Ras
3. Pawde or Bhadau	c. Folk songs based on agriculture and farming
4. Jagar	d. Love story of Radulae and Malooshahi

​Code:​

Correct option is A

The correct answer is (A) 1–d, 2–c, 3–b, 4–a

Explanation:

·         Malooshahi is a famous folk ballad or love story from the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand, depicting the romance between King Rajula and Malushahi.

·         Hudki Bol Gatha refers to folk songs sung during agricultural activities, especially during the cultivation of paddy and maize, accompanied by the 'Hudka' instrument.

·         Pawde or Bhadau are narrative folk songs based on Veer Ras (heroic sentiment), recounting the brave deeds and valor of historical or legendary heroes.

·         Jagar is a ritualistic form of ancestor spirit worship or folk beliefs, performed to invoke local deities or spirits to seek their blessings or cure ailments.

·         These folk forms are integral to the cultural heritage of the Central Himalayan region (Uttarakhand), preserving oral history and social traditions.

Information Booster:

·         The Hudka used in Hudki Bol is a traditional percussion instrument unique to the hills, played by a lead singer known as the 'Hudkiya'.

·         Jagar is derived from the Sanskrit word 'Jagarana', meaning 'to awaken', symbolizing the awakening of the deity within the medium (called 'Dangariya').

Additional Knowledge:

(b) Folk songs based on Veer Ras (Option 3):

·         These are also known as Karkas in some regions of Uttarakhand.

·         They serve to inspire bravery and pride among the listeners by narrating battles and conquests.

(c) Folk songs based on agriculture (Option 2):

·         In addition to Hudki Bol, songs like Hurkiya Baul are essential to community farming (Shramdaan).

·         They help in reducing the monotony and physical strain of manual labor in the fields.

(a) Folk songs based on Folk beliefs (Option 4):

·         Jagar is classified into two types: Dev Jagar (for deities) and Bhoot Jagar (for spirits/ancestors).

·         The lead singer/narrator of a Jagar is called a Jagari, who possesses deep knowledge of local mythology and genealogy.