__________ is also known as protocol convertor.

Correct option is D

​A Gateway is also known as a protocol converter because it acts as a translator between different networks that use different communication protocols. Gateways enable communication between two networks that are otherwise incompatible due to differing protocols.

For example:

• A gateway can connect a network using TCP/IP with another using IPX/SPX or connect an email system to an SMS messaging system.

Important Key Points:

1. Gateway:
• It works at the network layer (Layer 3) and above in the OSI model.
• Functions as a protocol translator to ensure communication between networks with different architectures and protocols.
2. Role of Gateway:
• Enables interoperability between heterogeneous networks.
• Converts protocols, data formats, and communication methods to ensure smooth data exchange.
3. Example of Gateways:
• Connecting VoIP calls to a traditional telephone system.
• Translating IPv4 traffic to IPv6 traffic.

Knowledge Booster:

1. Why Not Other Options?
• a) Hub:
• Incorrect. A hub is a basic device that forwards data to all connected devices without any protocol conversion.
• b) Bridge:
• Incorrect. A bridge connects two networks with the same protocols at the data link layer (Layer 2). It does not perform protocol conversion.
• c) Switch:
• Incorrect. A switch operates at the data link layer and is used to forward data frames within a local network. It does not translate protocols.
2. How Gateways Differ:
• Gateways are more advanced than routers, bridges, or switches because they convert protocols in addition to forwarding data.
3. Real-Life Use Cases of Gateways:
• Internet gateways connect internal networks to the internet.
• Payment gateways facilitate online transactions by converting communication protocols between systems.