______ is a chronic noncommunicable disease of the brain that affects individuals of all ages.

Correct option is A

Ans: (a) Epilepsy Sol. Epilepsy is a chronic noncommunicable disease of the brain characterized by recurrent seizures. It affects people of all ages, from infants to the elderly. The condition involves abnormal electrical activity in the brain, leading to seizures and potentially affecting daily life. Epilepsy is managed with medications and sometimes surgery, depending on the severity.
Explanation of each option:
· (a) Epilepsy: Correct answer. Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder that causes recurrent seizures. It is a noncommunicable disease that affects people of all ages.
· (b) Down syndrome: Down syndrome is a genetic condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. While it affects intellectual development, it is not a chronic noncommunicable brain disease but a genetic disorder.
· (c) Clubfoot: Clubfoot is a physical deformity in which a baby's foot is twisted out of shape or position. It is a musculoskeletal condition, not a chronic brain disease.
· (d) Fetal alcohol syndrome: Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy, leading to developmental and physical problems in the child. While it affects brain development, it is not a chronic noncommunicable brain disease itself.