India is the member of which of the following nuclear treaties?

Correct option is A

India is a signatory to the Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT), which came into force in 1963. This treaty was developed during the Cold War to reduce the harmful environmental and health effects of nuclear weapons testing.
The PTBT prohibits nuclear weapon tests or any other nuclear explosions:
· In the atmosphere
· In outer space
· Underwater
However, it permits underground nuclear tests, which is why India was comfortable signing it at the time. The main aim was to prevent radioactive fallout from nuclear testing.
India has not signed or ratified the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), citing strong national interest and principles of sovereignty and equality.
Information Booster:
· The Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT) was signed by the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom in 1963.
· India signed the PTBT in the same year, considering it a reasonable step toward reducing nuclear dangers while retaining the right to conduct underground tests.
· The CTBT, introduced in 1996, seeks to ban all nuclear tests, including underground, but has not yet come into force due to non-ratification by key countries, including India.
· India refuses to sign the NPT because it allows the original five nuclear-weapon states (USA, Russia, UK, France, China) to retain their arsenals, while denying the same rights to others.
Additional Knowledge:
· CTBT (Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty): India has not signed or ratified the CTBT, arguing that it is unfair and discriminatory as it does not commit nuclear-armed states to disarmament.
· NPT (Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty): India has always opposed the NPT on the ground that it legitimizes the nuclear weapons of a few countries while banning others from acquiring them. India advocates for universal, non-discriminatory disarmament.