In which year did the Government of India institute two civilian awards - Bharat Ratna and Padma Vibhushan?

Correct option is D

​The correct answer is (d) 1954

Explanation:

In 1954, the Government of India introduced two prestigious civilian awards:

• Bharat Ratna
• Padma Vibhushan (originally classified into three categories: Pahela Varg, Dusra Varg, and Tisra Varg).

Later, on January 8, 1955, a Presidential Notification renamed these categories as:

1. Padma Vibhushan
2. Padma Bhushan
3. Padma Shri

Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award of India, given for outstanding service in art, literature, science, public affairs, and sports.

Padma Vibhushan is the second-highest civilian award, followed by Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri. It is awarded for distinguished service of a high order in various fields.

Information Booster:

First Recipients (1954):

• Bharat Ratna – Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, C. Rajagopalachari, Dr. C.V. Raman
• Padma Vibhushan – Satyendra Nath Bose, Nand Lal Bose, Zakir Husain, Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher, V.K. Krishna Menon

Other Key Facts:

• The Bharat Ratna was initially restricted to achievements in art, literature, science, and public services, but in 2011, it was expanded to include sports.
• It does not carry any monetary grant, only a certificate signed by the President and a medallion.
• The Padma Awards (Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri) are announced annually on Republic Day (26th January).