Correct option is D
Section 14 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, is the relevant provision that deals with facts showing the knowledge, intention, good faith, negligence, rashness, ill-will, or good-will of a person. This section declares that such facts are relevant when they are connected with a fact in issue or a relevant fact. The section is particularly important in cases where the state of mind of a person is a crucial element, such as in cases involving criminal intent, negligence, or knowledge.
Information Booster
Section 14 - Relevance of Facts Showing State of Mind:
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Knowledge and Intention: Facts that illustrate a person's knowledge, intention, or state of mind are relevant under Section 14. This is particularly important in criminal cases where the prosecution needs to establish that the accused had the necessary intent or knowledge to commit the crime. For example, in a fraud case, evidence showing that the accused knew the representation was false would be relevant under this section.
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Other States of Mind: Section 14 also covers other mental states such as good faith, negligence, rashness, ill-will, or good-will, when these are directly in question or when they can influence the outcome of the case. For instance, in a case of negligence, evidence showing the accused’s state of mind at the time of the incident is crucial for determining liability.
Additional Information
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(a) Section-9: Section 9 of the Indian Evidence Act deals with facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts, such as identification and certain other aspects of evidence. However, it does not specifically address facts related to knowledge or state of mind.
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(b) Section-13: Section 13 pertains to facts relevant when the right or custom is in question. It relates to the existence of any transaction by which the right or custom in question was created, claimed, modified, recognized, asserted, or denied, but it does not address knowledge or intent.
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(c) Section-8: Section 8 relates to the motive, preparation, and conduct of a party, both before and after the occurrence of the event. While it is related to the mental state of the parties, it does not specifically address knowledge or intent as Section 14 does.
