In which leadership style do leaders rely on rewards and punishments to achieve maximum and optimal job performance from their subordinates?

Correct option is B

Transactional leadership is a style where leaders use rewards and punishments to motivate employees to perform their tasks effectively. This approach focuses on clear exchanges, such as offering rewards for meeting goals or imposing penalties for failure.
Explanation of options: (a) ✘ Incorrect. Transformational leadership focuses on inspiring and motivating subordinates to achieve higher levels of performance through vision and encouragement, rather than rewards and punishments. (b) ✔ Correct. Transactional leadership is characterized by the use of rewards and punishments to manage performance. (c) ✘ Incorrect. Democratic leadership involves shared decision-making and collaboration rather than relying on rewards and punishments. (d) ✘ Incorrect. Laissez-faire leadership involves minimal interference from leaders, allowing employees to make their own decisions without rewards or punishments.