In which generation of computers were FORTRAN and COBOL languages first used?

Correct option is A

The correct answer is (a) II Generation.
FORTRAN (Formula Translation) and COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) were first developed and widely used during the second generation of computers (approximately 1956-1963). The second generation was marked by the use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes, making computers smaller, more reliable, and more efficient. During this period, high-level programming languages like FORTRAN and COBOL were introduced to make programming easier and to enable more complex applications.
Key Points:
· FORTRAN and COBOL were developed and first used during the second generation of computers.
· The second generation is characterized by the replacement of vacuum tubes with transistors, which improved computing performance.
· FORTRAN was primarily used for scientific and engineering calculations, while COBOL was designed for business applications. These languages helped revolutionize programming, as they allowed for more abstract and complex coding compared to earlier machine and assembly languages.
Information Booster:
· First Generation (1940-1956) used vacuum tubes, and programming was done using machine language and assembly language.
· Second Generation (1956-1963) saw the introduction of transistors and high-level programming languages like FORTRAN and COBOL.
· Third Generation (1964-1971) introduced integrated circuits (ICs), and programming languages such as BASIC became popular.
· Fourth Generation (1971-present) is defined by the use of microprocessors and the development of personal computers (PCs).
· Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond) focuses on artificial intelligence, machine learning, and natural language processing.