In the fourteenth century India who used token currency of cheap metals in place of regular currencies of gold and silver?

Correct option is D

The correct answer is (d) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq.

• In the 14th century, Muhammad Bin Tughlaq, a ruler of the Tughlaq Dynasty, introduced a token currency system in India.
• Under this system, he issued coins made of cheap metals like copper and brass and declared them equivalent to the value of gold and silver coins.
• This was an innovative but poorly executed idea as it lacked adequate control and oversight, leading to widespread forgery.

Explanation of Other Options:

• Alauddin Khilji: He is known for economic reforms and price control measures, but he did not introduce token currency.
• Jalaluddin Khilji: The founder of the Khilji dynasty, his reign focused on consolidation and was not marked by monetary experiments.
• Firoz Shah Tughlaq: He is known for welfare projects like the construction of canals and public buildings but did not implement token currency.

Information Booster:

Muhammad bin Tughlaq, the Sultan of Delhi from 1325 to 1351, is known for several decisions that are considered failures due to their impracticality or poor execution. Some of the most notable ones include:

• Delhi to DaulatabadTransfer of Capital from in 1327.
• Token Currency System: In 1329, he introduced a system of token currency, issuing copper and brass coins as legal tender instead of silver and gold coins.
• Doab Taxation Crisis.
• Khurasan and Qarachil Expedition

Tughlaq Dynasty:

• Period: 1320- 1414 AD
• Founder: Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq (1320-25 AD)
• Last Ruler: Nasiruddin Mahmud (1390-1394 AD)