In the 7th Century AD, a new religion called Islam was born in _________.

Correct option is C

Correct Answer: (c) Arabia
Origin of Islam in the 7th Century AD
Islam was founded in the 7th century AD (610 CE) in Arabia (modern-day Saudi Arabia). The religion was revealed to Prophet Muhammad in Mecca through divine revelations from Allah (God), as recorded in the Quran.
Key events in the early spread of Islam:
610 CE – Prophet Muhammad received his first revelation in the Cave of Hira near Mecca.
622 CE – The Hijra (migration) to Medina, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
632 CE – Prophet Muhammad passed away, and Islam rapidly spread across Arabia, Persia, and beyond.

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Key Facts About Islam

● Founder: Prophet Muhammad (570-632 CE).
● Holy Book: Quran, believed to be the word of Allah.
● Five Pillars of Islam: Shahada (faith), Salat (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting), Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).
● Major Sects: Sunni and Shia Islam emerged after disputes over Prophet Muhammad’s successor.
● Spread of Islam: By 750 CE, Islam had reached Spain, North Africa, India, and Central Asia.
Islamic Empires and Their Influence
● Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) – Expanded Islam to Spain, North Africa, and Central Asia.
● Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258 CE) – The Golden Age of Islam, with advancements in science, mathematics, and philosophy.

Early Arrival of Islam in India
● 7th Century CE (Around 630 CE): Arab traders established trade relations with the Malabar Coast (Kerala) and introduced Islam to the local population.
● Malik Bin Dinar, an early Arab missionary, built India's first mosque (Cheraman Juma Masjid) in Kodungallur, Kerala, in 629 CE.

Expansion of Islam in India
1. Arab Invasions (8th Century CE)
● 711 CE: Muhammad bin Qasim, an Arab general, invaded Sindh (now in Pakistan), marking the first Islamic military entry into India.
● Sindh became part of the Umayyad Caliphate, but Islam remained limited to the region.

2. Turkish Invasions & Delhi Sultanate (12th-16th Century)
● 12th Century: Muhammad Ghori (1192 CE) defeated Prithviraj Chauhan in the Second Battle of Tarain, leading to the establishment of Muslim rule in North India.
● 1206 CE: Delhi Sultanate was founded by Qutb-ud-din Aibak (Mamluk Dynasty).
● Other Dynasties of Delhi Sultanate: Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties expanded Islamic rule across India.

3. Mughal Empire (1526-1857)
● 1526 CE: Babur founded the Mughal Empire after defeating Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat.