In order to destroy any Clostridium botulinum spores and extend shelf life of low-acid foods, which type of packaging may be utilized?

Correct option is A

• Option (a): Correct
– Aseptic packaging involves:
• Ultra-high temperature (UHT) treatment
• Sterile product + sterile packaging
– This destroys spores including C. botulinum when combined with thermal processing and sterile conditions.
• Option (b): Incorrect
– CAP controls O₂/CO₂ but does not kill spores.
• Option (c): Incorrect
– Active packaging modifies environment but cannot eliminate C. botulinum.
• Option (d): Incorrect
– MAP reduces oxygen but spores survive easily in anaerobic conditions.