In a cell that is NOT dividing, DNA is present as part of the _______.

Correct option is D

Sol: The correct answer is (d) chromatin material

Key points:

In a non-dividing cell, DNA is not organized into distinct chromosomes. Instead, it exists as chromatin, a complex of DNA and proteins (mainly histones) that is less condensed. Chromatin allows for the DNA to be accessible for processes such as transcription and replication.

• A. Chromosome: Refers to the tightly packed form of DNA, visible only during cell division.
• B. Gene: A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein; it is part of the chromatin.
• C. Nucleoplasm: The fluid inside the nucleus, where chromatin is suspended.
• D. Chromatin material: As this is the form in which DNA exists in a non-dividing cell.

Information booster:

DNA:

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid and has a double-helix structure composed of deoxyribose sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases (Adenine-Thymine, Cytosine-Guanine). It is found in the nucleus (as chromatin) and mitochondria (mtDNA) and carries genetic information for protein synthesis and heredity. DNA replicates during the S-phase of the cell cycle and is organized into chromosomes during cell division.

• Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life.
• Structure: DNA is composed of two strands that form a double helix.

• Nucleotides: The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides, each consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
• Bases: The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

• Base Pairing: Adenine pairs with thymine (A-T), and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G) through hydrogen bonds.

• Chromosomes: DNA is packaged into structures called chromosomes, which are found in the nucleus of cells.

• Genes: Segments of DNA that contain instructions for building proteins are called genes.

• Replication: DNA can replicate itself, allowing genetic information to be passed from cell to cell and from generation to generation.

• Transcription: The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

• Translation: The process of decoding RNA into a protein.

• Mutations: Changes in the DNA sequence can lead to mutations, which may affect the function of genes.

• Genetic Variation: DNA provides the genetic blueprint that contributes to the diversity of life.