In 1851, who founded the science of hydrodynamics with his law of viscosity describing the velocity of a small sphere through a viscous fluid?

Correct option is B

The correct answer is (b) George Gabriel Stokes. Sir George Gabriel Stokes made significant contributions to fluid dynamics, including his formulation of Stokes' law in 1851, which describes the force of viscosity experienced by spherical particles moving through a fluid. This law is critical in the study of the science of hydrodynamics.
In 1851, George Gabriel Stokes developed what is now known as Stokes' law. This law mathematically describes the frictional force exerted on spherical objects with very small Reynolds numbers (indicating laminar, not turbulent flow) in a viscous fluid. Stokes' law is given by:

Importance in Hydrodynamics:
 Hydrodynamics: This is a branch of physics that deals with the properties of fluids in motion. Stokes’ contributions to this field helped lay foundational principles, particularly in understanding how fluid friction affects various phenomena.
 Viscosity: The measure of a fluid's resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress. Stokes' law helps in calculating drag or resistance in a fluid, which is a key aspect in the study of viscosity.