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If there is rainfall in a village, flowers will bloom. If flowers bloom, celebrations will definitely take place. Flowers did not bloom. Which of the
Question

If there is rainfall in a village, flowers will bloom. If flowers bloom, celebrations will definitely take place. Flowers did not bloom. Which of the following is certain?

A.

Celebrations took place

B.

Celebrations did not take place

C.

It did not rain

D.

It rained too much

Correct option is C

Given statements

If it rains → flowers will bloom. (R → F)

If flowers bloom → celebrations will take place. (F → C)

Flowers did not bloom. (¬F)

Logic

From (1) R → F, the contrapositive is ¬F → ¬R. Since we are told ¬F, we can validly conclude ¬R (it did not rain).

From (2) F → C, the contrapositive is ¬C → ¬F. But ¬F does not allow us to infer ¬C (you cannot reverse an implication). So we cannot be certain that celebrations did not take place.

Conclusion

Only (c) “It did not rain” follows with certainty.

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