If the statement 'No birds are mammals' is given as true, what could be immediately inferred from it?
A. 'All birds are mammals' is false

B. 'Some birds are mammals' is false

C. ‘Some birds are not mammals' is false

D. ‘Some birds are not mammals' is true

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is B

If the statement "No birds are mammals" is given as true, the immediate inferences that follow are:
· A: 'All birds are mammals' must be false because the universal affirmative directly contradicts the universal negative.
· B: 'Some birds are mammals' is also false because no birds can be mammals if the statement "No birds are mammals" is true.
· D: 'Some birds are not mammals' must be true because, if no birds are mammals, this implies that all birds fall outside the category of mammals. Hence, 'Some birds are not mammals' is valid. Therefore, options A, B, and D are the correct immediate inferences.
Information Booster: 1. Contradictories: If one statement is true, its contradictory must be false. For instance, 'All birds are mammals' contradicts 'No birds are mammals.'
2. Universal Negative: A universal negative statement like "No S is P" denies that any member of S has the property P.
3. Existential Negatives: Statements like 'Some S is not P' are existential negatives and follow logically from universal negatives.
4. Immediate Inference: A direct conclusion drawn from a given statement without needing further premises.
5. Syllogism: Formal logical arguments can be structured to derive valid inferences from a combination of premises.
6. Logical Relationships: Understanding how existential and universal statements interrelate is key to logical inference.