Correct option is D
The correct option is (d) because "although" is the appropriate conjunction to express the contrast between his confidence and his underpreparedness. This sentence now clearly conveys that even though he wasn’t ready, he was still confident.
Option (a) implies a cause-and-effect relationship that is incorrect, option (b) is grammatically incorrect, and option (c) uses "nevertheless" in a way that doesn’t fit logically.