Correct option is D
Correct Answer: (d) (C), (D) only
Explanation:
Environmental economics involves the study of environmental policies, population dynamics, market failures like pollution, and various non-market valuation techniques used to assess environmental assets.
Information Booster:
Statement (C) is correct: A pollution tax, commonly known as a Pigouvian tax, was suggested by economist Arthur C. Pigou to internalize the costs of negative externalities like pollution.
Statement (D) is correct: Population growth is realistically modeled using a logistic distribution (or logistic growth curve), which assumes that population expansion decreases as resources become scarce, eventually leveling off at the environment's carrying capacity.
Additional Knowledge:
Statement (A) is incorrect: The first UN Conference on the Human Environment was held in 1972 in Stockholm, Sweden, not Norway.
Statement (B) is incorrect: In the environmental impact equation I = PAT, P stands for Population, not poverty. A stands for Affluence, and T stands for Technology.
Statement (E) is incorrect: The Travel Cost Method is the standard environmental valuation method used to value recreational and tourism sites. Hedonic pricing is instead used to estimate the value of environmental amenities (like clean air or scenic views) by analyzing property or real estate prices.