How many biodiversity hotspots does India host?

Correct option is D

The correct answer is (d) Four.

India hosts four biodiversity hotspots which are crucial to the country's rich ecological diversity. These regions are areas with high levels of endemic species and face significant habitat loss.

1. Himalayas
   • The region encompasses the northern parts of India and stretches into Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet.
   • Famous species include the snow leopard, Himalayan blue poppy, and Himalayan brown bear.
2. Indo-Burma
   • Covers parts of northeastern India, Myanmar, and parts of Thailand.
   • Known for Red Panda and Hoolock Gibbons.
3. Western Ghats
   • The coastal mountain range along India’s western edge.
   • Species like the Nilgiri Tahr and Malabar Civet call it home.
4. Sundaland (Nicobar Islands)
   • Encompasses the Nicobar Islands.
   • Rich in marine biodiversity, including coral reefs, sea turtles, and other endangered marine species.

Information Booster

• Hotspot Criteria: To be designated as a hotspot, a region must have at least 1,500 species of endemic plants and have lost more than 70% of its original habitat.
• Biodiversity Importance: Hotspots are vital for maintaining ecological balance, providing resources like water, food, and medicine.
• Global Perspective: There are 36 hotspots globally, covering only about 2.3% of Earth’s surface but supporting around 50% of the world’s plant species and 43% of bird, mammal, reptile, and amphibian species.
• Conservation Threats: Deforestation, human encroachment, invasive species, and climate change are major threats.