Given below are two statements:
Statement I: 'No S is P' is contrary to 'All S is P.
Statement II: 'Some S is P' is contrary to 'No S is P'.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below

Correct option is C

Statement I is true because the propositions 'No S is P' and 'All S is P' are contraries in classical logic. Contraries cannot both be true simultaneously, though they can both be false.
Statement II is false because 'Some S is P' and 'No S is P' are not contraries but contradictories. Contradictories cannot both be true or both be false; if one is true, the other must be false.
Information Booster · Contraries are propositions where both cannot be true, but both can be false (e.g., 'All S is P' and 'No S is P').
· Contradictories are propositions where one must be true, and the other must be false (e.g., 'Some S is P' and 'No S is P').
· The Aristotelian square of opposition is essential to understanding relationships like contraries, subcontraries, and contradictories.
· Contraries deal with universal propositions, while contradictories involve the relationship between universal and particular propositions.
· Logical reasoning requires distinguishing between these relationships to avoid confusion in argument analysis.