Given below are two statements:
Statement (I): Black gram as a cover crop reduces surface runoff and soil loss during rainy seasons.
Statement (II): Black gram as a live mulch crop reduces surface runoff during rainy seasons and soil loss.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

Correct option is A

Explanation of the Correct Option (a): Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
Why Statement (I) is CORRECT:
· Black gram grown as a cover crop:
· Protects soil surface from direct raindrop impact
· Improves soil structure through root penetration
· Enhances infiltration rate
· This results in:
· Reduced surface runoff
· Reduced soil erosion and soil loss during rainy seasons
Why Statement (II) is CORRECT:
· As a live mulch crop, black gram:
· Covers the soil continuously while growing
· Acts as a biological barrier against runoff
· Slows down water movement on the soil surface
· Live mulch also:
· Conserves soil moisture
· Prevents detachment and transport of soil particles
· Hence, it effectively reduces both surface runoff and soil loss.
Explanation of Other Options
Option (b): Both statements are incorrect
· Incorrect because:
· Both cover cropping and live mulching are proven soil conservation practices.
Option (c): Statement (I) correct, Statement (II) incorrect
· Incorrect because:
· Live mulch crops are equally effective in erosion control.
Option (d): Statement (I) incorrect, Statement (II) correct
· Incorrect because:
· Statement (I) is factually correct and widely accepted in agronomy.
Key Points Related to the Question
· Black gram is a leguminous crop used for soil conservation.
· Acts as cover crop and live mulch.
· Reduces runoff, soil erosion, and nutrient loss.
· Improves soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation.