Given below are two statements. Read them carefully and choose the correct answer with the help of given codes:
Statement (I): Differences in air pressure cause reversal in the direction of monsoon winds.
Statement (II): The variations in the atmospheric pressure closer to the surface of the Earth play a crucial role in the making of upper air pressure.

Correct option is B

Correct Answer: (B) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false.
Explanation:
→ Statement (I): "Differences in air pressure cause reversal in the direction of monsoon winds." is true. The monsoon winds are driven by the differential air pressure between the land and the ocean. During the summer, the land heats up faster than the ocean, creating a low-pressure system over the land, which attracts the moisture-laden winds from the ocean, bringing rainfall. In winter, the reverse happens, leading to a reversal in wind direction, with winds blowing from the land to the ocean.
→ Statement (II): "The variations in the atmospheric pressure closer to the surface of the Earth play a crucial role in the making of upper air pressure." is false. The atmospheric pressure at the surface of the Earth is influenced by local conditions such as temperature, humidity, and terrain. The upper air pressure is influenced more by the larger-scale patterns of global circulation, which are primarily driven by the heating of the Earth's surface, not just variations at the surface level.
Information Booster:
→ Monsoon winds are a major component of global atmospheric circulation and are driven by seasonal changes in air pressure. These winds reverse direction due to the difference in pressure between the landmass and the ocean.
→ The high-pressure system over the oceans during the summer months and the low-pressure system over the land determine the direction of the monsoon winds, which bring rainfall to the Indian subcontinent.
→ The upper air pressure is influenced by larger factors such as the Coriolis force and global circulation patterns, rather than just surface pressure variations.
→ Surface pressure plays a key role in local weather patterns but does not directly create the upper-level pressure systems. The interplay of temperature gradients and the Earth's rotation impacts the larger atmospheric circulations.