Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A: "The average temperature has risen 0.8°C around the world since 1880. It has caused massive climate changes reflected in forms of heatwaves, ocean warming, rise in sea level and glacier melting."

Reason R: "From the time of the Industrial Revolution, the amount of carbon dioxide that humanity has produced has risen tenfold."

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

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Correct option is A

Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

• Assertion A: "The average temperature has risen 0.8°C around the world since 1880. It has caused massive climate changes reflected in forms of heatwaves, ocean warming, rise in sea level and glacier melting."
• This assertion is correct. The global average temperature has indeed increased by approximately 0.8°C since 1880, and this rise has been a major contributor to various climate changes. These include more frequent and intense heatwaves, ocean warming, rising sea levels, and glacier melting. These changes are well-documented by climate scientists and are a direct result of global warming.
• Reason R: "From the time of the Industrial Revolution, the amount of carbon dioxide that humanity has produced has risen tenfold."
• This reason is also correct. Since the Industrial Revolution, human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes have dramatically increased the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has risen significantly, and current levels are higher than they have been for hundreds of thousands of years. This increased CO2 has been a major driver of the greenhouse effect and global warming.
• Explanation of the relationship: The reason (R) explains the assertion (A), as the increase in CO2 emissions since the Industrial Revolution has been a significant contributor to the observed rise in global temperatures and the resulting climate changes. The accumulation of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, traps heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and other climate impacts.

Information Booster:

1. Global temperature rise: The 0.8°C increase in global temperature since 1880 might seem small, but it has led to substantial environmental impacts, including extreme weather events and changes in ecosystems.
2. Carbon dioxide emissions: The rise in CO2 levels due to human activities, particularly after the Industrial Revolution, is the primary cause of the greenhouse effect, which leads to warming of the Earth's surface.
3. Heatwaves: Higher average temperatures are associated with an increased frequency and severity of heatwaves, affecting human health, agriculture, and ecosystems.
4. Ocean warming: The rise in ocean temperatures is linked to the melting of ice caps and glaciers, as well as disruptions to marine life, including coral bleaching and the displacement of species.
5. Glacier melting: The warming of the atmosphere leads to the melting of glaciers and polar ice, contributing to rising sea levels and potential loss of freshwater resources.

Additional Information:

• The Industrial Revolution marks a pivotal point in human history, when the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) became widespread, significantly increasing CO2 emissions and accelerating global warming.
• Climate change impacts are already visible, including melting polar ice, more frequent floods and droughts, and changes in agricultural patterns and biodiversity loss.
• The carbon cycle has been disrupted by human activities, leading to a long-term rise in greenhouse gas concentrations, especially CO2, which is the most abundant greenhouse gas produced by human activities.