Fishes which spawn on rock and gravel with benthic larvae are called:

Correct option is A

→ Lithophils deposit eggs on hard substrates like rocks, gravel, or stones.
→ Their larvae are benthic, meaning they remain near the bottom after hatching.
→ This strategy enhances egg survival in fast-flowing streams.
Information Booster:
→ Many salmonids and cyprinids display lithophilic spawning.
→ Gravel-cleaning behaviour before spawning is common.
→ Sensitive to siltation, making habitat conservation crucial.
Additional Information (Other Options):
(b) Aerophils: Spawn on moist terrestrial vegetation.
(c) Phytophils: Spawn on aquatic plants.
(d) Xeroophils: Species adapted to dry conditions, not fish spawners.