Every year Human Development Index is released by:

Correct option is D

​The correct answer is (d) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Explanation:

The Human Development Index (HDI) is published annually by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in its Human Development Report.

The HDI is a composite index that measures a country’s average achievements in three basic dimensions of human development:

1.    Health – measured by life expectancy at birth

2.     Education – measured by mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling

3.     Standard of Living – measured by Gross National Income (GNI) per capita

Information Booster:

Human Development Index (HDI) – Overview

• Published by: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
• Introduced in: 1990
• Developed by: Mahbub ul Haq; based on Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach
• Dimensions:

1.   Life expectancy (Health)

2.   Education (Expected & Mean Years of Schooling)

3.   Standard of living (GNI per capita)

Other indices in HDR:

• Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
• Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI)
• Gender Inequality Index (GII) (since 2010)
• Gender Development Index (GDI) (since 2014)

India’s HDI Performance – 2023/24

India’s Rank:

• 134 out of 193 countries in 2022 (improved from 135 in 2021)
• Category: Medium Human Development

Theme of HDR 2023/24: “Breaking the Gridlock: Reimagining Cooperation in a Polarized World”

HDI Value: Increased by 48.4% from 0.434 in 1990 to 0.644 in 2022

Key Indicators:

• Life Expectancy: Rose from 67.2 (2021) to 67.7 years (2022)
• Expected Years of Schooling (EYS): Increased from 11.9 to 12.6 years (+5.88%)
• GNI per capita: Improved from $6,542 to $6,951

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