‘Empirical’ means

Correct option is B

Empirical means Based on data. In research, empirical evidence refers to the information obtained through observation, experimentation, or measurement, as opposed to theoretical or speculative ideas.
Information Booster:
1. Empirical Research: Involves collecting and analyzing data to answer research questions or test hypotheses.
2. Data-Based Evidence: Empirical research relies on data that can be observed, measured, and analyzed to draw conclusions.
3. Empirical Methods: Include experiments, surveys, case studies, and observational studies.
4. Hypothesis Testing: Empirical research often involves testing hypotheses through statistical analysis of data.
5. Observation: A key component of empirical research, involving the systematic recording of data from the real world.
6. Empirical research is critical in the scientific method, where hypotheses are tested against observed reality.
Additional Information:
· Research Questions (Option A): While empirical research is often driven by research questions, the term "empirical" specifically refers to the data used to answer those questions.
· Data (Option B): Empirical research is fundamentally based on data collected from experiments, observations, or measurements.
· Hypothesis (Option C): Hypotheses are central to empirical research, but empirical refers to the data that tests these hypotheses.
· Controlling Variables (Option D): This is an important aspect of experimental design in empirical research, but empirical refers specifically to the data-driven nature of the research.
Key Points:
· Empirical research is essential for providing evidence-based conclusions in science, education, and social sciences.
· The term "empirical" is used to distinguish research that relies on observed and measured phenomena from theoretical or speculative work.
· Understanding empirical research methods is crucial for conducting rigorous and valid studies in various fields.