__________ developed three different types of ventilators named Prana, Vau and Svasta; and an oxygen concentrator named Shwaas.

Correct option is A

The correct answer is (a) Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), through its Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), contributed to the national effort by developing three types of ventilators: Prana, Vau, and Svasta, along with an oxygen concentrator named Shwaas. These innovations were designed to cater to different categories of respiratory support needed for COVID-19 patients, ranging from mild to critical.
The development was part of ISRO’s effort to apply its engineering and design expertise beyond space science, focusing on healthcare technology during a time of critical national need. The devices were made to be cost-effective, scalable, and manufacturable using components available within India to ensure rapid deployment.
· Prana: A basic, affordable ventilator.
· Vau: Designed for intermediate support.
· Svasta: A sophisticated ventilator with more advanced features.
· Shwaas: An oxygen concentrator capable of delivering medical-grade oxygen.
These innovations reflected ISRO’s capacity for cross-sector technological intervention, demonstrating how space science could be repurposed for public health infrastructure.
Information Booster:
· ISRO-VSSC developed Prana, Vau, Svasta (ventilators) and Shwaas (oxygen concentrator).
· These devices were built in response to India’s medical equipment shortage during COVID-19.
· They are cost-effective and utilize indigenously available components.
· Designed to operate even in non-ICU hospital setups and rural clinics.
· ISRO’s initiative showcased interdisciplinary engineering application for public welfare.
Additional Knowledge:
· Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO): Also contributed significantly during the pandemic, developing the DPI ventilator and setting up oxygen plants, but not involved in developing Prana, Vau, Svasta, or Shwaas.
· Reliance Industries Limited: Played a key role in oxygen production and logistics, and even manufactured PPE kits, but was not responsible for ventilator or concentrator development.
· Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL): Known for engineering heavy electrical equipment, BHEL aided in oxygen supply equipment but not in ventilator design or development.