Deficiency of Thiamine is known as –

Correct option is B

Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency leads to a condition called Beri-Beri. This disease primarily affects the nervous system and the cardiovascular system. There are two main types of Beri-Beri: "wet" and "dry." Wet Beri-Beri is characterized by swelling, difficulty breathing, and cardiovascular issues like heart failure, while dry Beri-Beri primarily affects the nervous system, leading to peripheral neuropathy (damage to the nerves), muscle weakness, and loss of sensation. Thiamine deficiency is most commonly seen in areas where polished rice is a staple food, as the thiamine-rich outer layer is removed during processing.
Information Booster: Thiamine plays a crucial role in energy metabolism, specifically in the decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids and the formation of acetyl-CoA, an important compound in energy production. Thiamine also helps in nerve function and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. When thiamine is deficient, the body cannot convert carbohydrates into energy properly, leading to the symptoms of Beri-Beri. In severe cases, thiamine deficiency can also cause Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, a disorder associated with memory problems and motor dysfunction, often linked to alcohol abuse.
Additional Knowledge:
· Pellagra (Option a) is caused by a deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3), leading to symptoms like dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia, commonly referred to as the "three D's."
· Xerophthalmia (Option c) is a condition caused by a deficiency of vitamin A. It affects the eyes and can lead to night blindness, dryness, and even complete blindness if untreated.
· Keratomalacia (Option d) is also caused by vitamin A deficiency and leads to the softening of the cornea, potentially causing irreversible blindness if not treated.