Countries face the _______ challenge of making the transition to democracy and then instituting democratic government.

Correct option is C

•  Countries face the foundational challenge of making the transition to democracy and then instituting a democratic government. This challenge involves establishing the basic principles of democracy, such as rule of law, free and fair elections, protection of human rights, and building democratic institutions. The process of transition to democracy is complex and requires the creation of systems that are fair, inclusive, and representative.

• The foundational challenge refers to the critical first steps in building a democracy from scratch or in transitioning from an authoritarian regime.
• It includes the establishment of democratic norms, principles, and institutions such as a free press, political parties, independent judiciary, and an accountable government.
• It also involves fostering a culture of participation, where citizens engage in the democratic process and take responsibility for governance.
• Many countries that transitioned to democracy in the 20th and 21st centuries, such as in Eastern Europe and Africa, faced significant foundational challenges during the process.