Consider the following C program:

What is the output of the above program?

Correct option is C

1. Explanation of the Code:
· a is initialized to 10.
· b is declared but not initialized. In C, local variables that are not explicitly initialized contain garbage values.
· The function exampleFunction(int x, int y) is called with a and b as arguments.
· x gets the value of a (which is 10), while y gets the value of b (which is uninitialized and hence contains a garbage value).
2. Function Execution:
· Inside exampleFunction, the printf statement outputs the values of x and y.
· x = 10 (as it gets the value from a), and y is some garbage value due to the uninitialized variable b.
3. Compilation:
· The code compiles without any errors because there is no syntactical issue. However, the behavior of b is undefined due to its uninitialized state.
Important Key Points:
1. Uninitialized Variables: Local variables in C (like b in this case) are stored in stack memory and contain undefined values (garbage values).
2. Function Arguments: The values of variables are passed to functions, and their state (initialized or uninitialized) is maintained.
3. Garbage Value Behavior: Garbage values are unpredictable and can vary between program executions.
Knowledge Booster:
· Initialization Best Practice: Always initialize variables explicitly to avoid undefined behavior.
· Global vs. Local Variables:
· Global variables are initialized to 0 by default.
· Local variables are not initialized and contain garbage values.
· Passing Values to Functions: C uses pass-by-value for function arguments, so the values of variables are copied to the function parameters.
The program will output something like: x = 10, y = some garbage value.