Correct option is D
Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are small-scale power generation or storage technologies that are typically located close to where electricity is used (e.g., a home or business) and can provide power locally, reducing reliance on centralized power plants. These resources can operate independently or in conjunction with the electricity grid and are often used to enhance grid reliability, improve energy efficiency, and integrate renewable energy.
1. Battery Storage: Considered a DER. Battery storage systems are used to store energy, often generated from renewable sources like solar or wind. These systems can be deployed at various scales, including at the household or commercial level, to provide backup power, reduce peak demand, and stabilize the grid. Because they are located close to the point of use, battery storage systems are a prime example of Distributed Energy Resources.
2. Biomass Generators: Considered a DER. Biomass generators convert organic materials (like agricultural waste, wood chips, or even animal manure) into electricity. These generators can be small-scale and located near the source of biomass, making them a distributed energy resource. They provide a renewable and often local energy source that contributes to distributed generation.
3. Fuel Cells: Considered a DER. Fuel cells generate electricity through a chemical process (usually involving hydrogen and oxygen). They are typically small-scale and can be installed at or near the point of energy consumption, such as in homes, businesses, or vehicles. Because of their scalability and ability to be located close to end users, fuel cells are classified as distributed energy resources.
4. Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Units: Considered a DER. Rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) units convert sunlight directly into electricity and are installed on rooftops of homes, businesses, or other buildings. These systems generate power close to where it is consumed, reducing the load on the grid and providing a clean, renewable energy source. Rooftop solar PV units are one of the most common examples of Distributed Energy Resources.
