Choose the INCORRECT statement about lichens.

Correct option is A

The correct answer is (a) Fungi and cyanobacteria both live in lichens independently.

• Lichens are a symbiotic association between fungi and cyanobacteria or algae.

• The relationship is mutually beneficial, not independent:

  • The fungus provides a structure and absorbs moisture and nutrients from the environment.

  • The cyanobacteria (or algae) carry out photosynthesis, producing food for both organisms.

• The statement in A is incorrect because the organisms in lichens do not live independently; they are interdependent in a symbiotic relationship.

Information Booster:
• Symbiosis is a biological term where two different species live together in close association, benefiting from each other.
• In lichens, the fungus and cyanobacteria/algae are so closely integrated that they cannot survive independently in most cases.
• Lichens are often seen growing on tree bark, rocks, or other surfaces as slow-growing, coloured patches.
• The cyanobacteria in lichens are responsible for producing food (via photosynthesis), and some species also fix nitrogen, enriching the environment.
• Lichens are used as bioindicators of air quality, as they are sensitive to pollutants like sulfur dioxide.