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    Choose the correct set of statements/reactions with regard to C₄ cycle of photosynthesis: (1) Decarboxylation of C₄-acids occurs in the bundle shea
    Question

    Choose the correct set of statements/reactions with regard to C₄ cycle of photosynthesis:
    (1) Decarboxylation of C₄-acids occurs in the bundle sheath of leaves.
    (2) Transfer of C₄-acids into bundle sheath is apoplastic.
    (3) Oxaloacetic acid + NADP⁺ ⟶ Malate + NADPH (enzyme: malate dehydrogenase).
    (4) CO₂ fixation in mesophyll during C₄ cycle is mediated by the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase.
    Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:

    A.

    (1) and (4) only

    B.

    (2) and (3) only

    C.

    (3) and (4) only

    D.

    (1) and (2) only

    Correct option is A

    Correct Answer: (a)
    Explanation:
    In C₄ plants, C₄ acids (malate/aspartate) are decarboxylated in bundle-sheath cells (1), and the initial CO₂ fixation in mesophyll is catalyzed by PEP carboxylase (4).
    Movement between mesophyll and bundle sheath is symplastic via plasmodesmata, not apoplastic (2 false).
    The malate dehydrogenase reaction uses NADPH → NADP⁺ (OAA + NADPH ⟶ malate + NADP⁺), not the reverse written (3 false).
    Information Booster:
    Mesophyll: PEP + CO₂ (as HCO₃⁻) —PEP carboxylase→ OAA.
    OAA → malate/aspartate → transported to bundle sheath.
    Bundle sheath decarboxylates C₄ acids; released CO₂ enters the Calvin cycle.
    Kranz anatomy ensures spatial separation of steps.
    Symplastic transport maintains metabolite flow between cell types.
    Additional Information (Why others are wrong):
    (b) (2)&(3) are both incorrect; (c) includes incorrect (3); (d) includes incorrect (2).

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