Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

LIST-I (Thinker)	LIST-II (Concept of Historiography)
A. Antonio Gramsci	​I. Annales School
​ B. Derrida	​II. Dialectical Materialism
​​C. Marc Bloch	​III. Concept of Hegemony
​​D. Karl Marx	IV. Deconstruction and Difference

Correct option is D

Antonio Gramsci (A) is associated with the Concept of Hegemony (III). Gramsci's theory of hegemony revolves around how the ruling class uses cultural institutions to maintain power, which is central to his contribution to Marxist theory.

Derrida (B) is associated with Deconstruction and Difference (IV). Derrida's deconstruction theory emphasizes the instability of meaning in texts and how concepts differ from each other in their interpretation.

Marc Bloch (C) is linked to the Annales School (I). Marc Bloch was one of the founding members of the Annales School of historiography, which emphasized social history and long-term historical structures rather than focusing solely on political events.

Karl Marx (D) is associated with Dialectical Materialism (II). Marx’s materialist conception of history, also known as dialectical materialism, posits that economic forces and material conditions shape social structures and historical developments.

Information Booster:

Antonio Gramsci (A): Gramsci’s theory of hegemony refers to the dominance of one social class over others, not only through political control but also through cultural and ideological influence. This is directly linked to his contributions to Marxist theory in the 20th century, especially his analysis of power and culture in capitalist societies. His concept of hegemony provided a critical framework for understanding how dominance is maintained without overt coercion.

Jacques Derrida (B): Deconstruction is the core concept of Derrida’s philosophical work, challenges traditional notions of meaning and truth by exposing the inherent instability of language and the constructed nature of binary oppositions within texts and cultural phenomena. It suggests that meaning is not fixed or objective but rather fluid and subject to interpretation, leading to multiple and sometimes contradictory readings.Derrida's theory of difference (différance) also explores how meaning is always deferred and never fully present. This directly links him to the concept of deconstruction in historiography and philosophy.

Marc Bloch (C): As a historian, Marc Bloch was a key figure in the Annales School. The Annales School, founded by Lucien Febvre and Marc Bloch, emphasized long-term historical structures, geography, and social history over traditional political or military history. The focus was on understanding the broader forces that shape history, such as economics, culture, and social institutions.

Karl Marx (D): Dialectical materialism is a central concept in Marxist philosophy and historiography. It posits that history progresses through contradictions in the material conditions of society, driven by class struggles. Marx's work laid the foundation for understanding how material and economic forces influence historical development, making dialectical materialism his central contribution.